澡兰香·淮安重午|吴文英|注释|翻译|赏析|讲解
【作品简介】 《澡兰香·淮安重午》由吴文英创作,被选入《宋词三百首》。这是首咏端阳节的节序词,有民俗学价值。开头三句描写一位在青罗旅中的女子,臂上系有五色丝。此情已令词人想起少年时代的一段恋情。只因当年曾在恋人石榴裙上题诗,现在却早已花残红退,令人无限悲伤。下阕开头三句,缅怀屈原,包含着词人对于时势的愤懑之情。“熏风”三句,写“澡兰”具体场景。“念秦楼”写每逢佳节倍思亲之情。全词组织得条理分明,情与事、情与物、情与节令风俗处处融汇胶着,诉尽佳节怀人的衷肠。更多宋词赏析文章敬请关注习古堂国学网的《宋词三百首》专栏。
【原文】 《澡兰香·淮安重午①》 作者:吴文英 盘丝系腕②,巧篆垂簪③,玉隐绀纱睡觉④。银瓶露井⑤,彩箑云窗⑥,往事少年依约。为当时、曾写榴裙⑦,伤心红绡褪萼⑧。黍梦光阴,渐老汀洲烟蒻⑨。 莫唱江南古调,怨柳难招,楚江沉魄⑩。薰风燕乳,暗雨梅黄,午镜澡兰帘幕⑾。念秦楼、也拟人归,应剪菖蒲自酌⑿。但怅望一缕新蟾,随人天角。
【注释】
【赏析】 这首词,从内容来看是怀念作者的一位能歌善舞的姬妾。此时他客居淮安(今属江苏),正值端午佳节,不免思念家中的亲人,于是写了这首词。
【作者介绍】 吴文英(约1200~1260),字君特,号梦窗,晚年又号觉翁,四明(今浙江宁波)人。原出翁姓,后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。《宋史》无传。一生未第,游幕终身,于苏、杭、越三地居留最久。并以苏州为中心,北上到过淮安、镇江,苏杭道中又历经吴江垂虹亭、无锡惠山,及茹霅二溪。游踪所至,每有题咏。晚年一度客居越州,先后为浙东安抚使吴潜及嗣荣王赵与芮门下客,后“困踬以死”。有《梦窗词集》一部,存词三百四十余首,分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃,风格雅致,多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作,号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。 清全祖望答万经《宁波府志》杂问,谓吴文英“晚年困踬以死”,殆得其实。享年六十岁左右。黄升《中兴以来绝妙词选》编定于淳祐九年(1249),卷十录吴文英词九首,时吴文英正在越州,年约五十。黄升并引尹焕《梦窗词叙》云:“ 求词于吾宋者,前有清真,后有梦窗。此非焕之言,四海之公言也。”沈义夫《乐府指迷》亦谓“梦窗深得清真之妙”。陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》卷二云:“若梦窗词,合观通篇,固多警策。即分摘数语,每自入妙,何尝不成片段耶?”近代词论家多以姜词清空,吴词密丽,为二家词风特色。况周颐《蕙风词语》卷二又云:“ 近人学梦窗,辄从密处入手。梦窗密处,能令无数丽字,一一生动飞舞,如万花为春;非若琱蹙绣,毫无生气也。”《梦窗词集》有四卷本与一卷本两种。毛氏汲古阁所刻《梦窗甲乙丙丁稿》为四卷本,《疆村丛书》刻明太原张迁璋所藏为一卷本。号“词中李商隐”。在南宋词坛,吴文英属于作品数量较多的词人,存词有三百四十余首,其《梦窗词》在数量上除辛弃疾外无人与之抗衡;就题材而言,这些词大体可以分为三类:酬酢赠答之作,哀时伤世之作,忆旧悼亡之作。
【宋词英译】 WU Wenying – Lyrics to the Fragrance of Bathing in Orchids (On the Double Fifth in Huai'an)
Around her wrist wrapped rainbow silk strands, ornate cut-outs draped over her hair, Concealed behind azure silk curtains she slept. With a silver carafe in an open courtyard, she sang by the window with cloudy inlays, The past that was my youth is becoming faint. Remember how I once wrote on her red dress, It breaks my heart to think that long faded have those florid characters on scarlet. Dreaming in May, long gone are my years of prime, Like soft sweet flag leaves on the sandbar I am frail.
Sing not those classical melodies from south of the Yangtze, No amount of suppressed sorrow could raise the submerged spirit of a Chu river. In the balmy breeze swallows their fledglings nurture, As a drizzle falls on yellowing pagoda trees, A clear, reflective river is good for bathing in orchids behind curtains and screens. The romantic tale of Qin's Phoenix Terrace reminds me that I too should head home To prepare spirits infused with cuts of calamus for drinking by myself. Yet in melancholy I steep as I a new moon admire, Which has been following me from its distant corner in the sky.
【词牌简介】 吴文英自度曲。词中多述端午风俗,中有“午镜澡兰帘幕”句,故名。双调一百零三字,仄韵格。 |