宴清都·连理海棠|吴文英|注释|翻译|赏析|讲解
【作品简介】 《宴清都·连理海棠》由吴文英创作,被选入《宋词三百首》。这是一首咏物词。上阕从整体上描写。“芳根”三句,由根到花梢进行局部观照。再由其“连理”引出孤独“锦屏人”的嫉妒,自然地过渡到抒写闺怨。最后侧面烘托,将海棠之美及“连理”的幸福刻画得维妙维肖。下阕专咏人事。“华清惯浴”,将海棠与杨贵妃相比,将李、杨爱情,喻为连理海棠。花与人合写,既咏物,又不局限于物,无处不咏人事是此词一大特色。更多宋词赏析文章敬请关注习古堂国学网的《宋词三百首》专栏。
【原文】 《宴清都·连理海棠》 作者:吴文英 绣幄鸳鸯柱①。红情密,腻云低护秦树②。芳根兼倚,花梢钿合③,锦屏人妒④。东风睡足交枝⑤,正梦枕、瑶钗燕股⑥。障滟蜡、满照欢丛⑦,嫠蟾冷落羞度⑧。
【注释】 ①绣幄鸳鸯柱:海棠全株花盛开时如绣幄,连理枝则如鸳鸯柱。
【翻译】 一棵棵连在一起的海棠树干,好象是一对对相依的鸳鸯,花团锦簇。红花开得茂盛,绿叶低垂,像似在护卫着连理的海棠。美丽的树根在地下相互交错依靠,柔嫩的花梢如精美的盒扇般相互依傍,惹得深闺女子嫉妒感伤。和煦的春风中,海棠花像美人熟睡,倚卧在相交的花枝上,如同情人进入甜蜜的梦乡,形似燕尾的玉钗遗落枕旁。多情的人举起红蜡烛,照遍美丽的海棠,尽情游玩观赏,月宫中孤居的嫦娥见此情景,更感幽怨哀伤。人世间的许多人都感到孤单凄凉,有几人能像杨贵妃那样赐浴华清池,尽情地享受皇帝的雨露风光。他们在温暖的芙蓉帐中,同心共结,相依相傍,誓愿世世代代永不分离。可为什么生死两茫茫,谁创作长恨歌,把绵绵此恨永久传唱?幽暗的宫门紧锁着,长夜孤独凄凉很漫长,只能独自对着一盏青灯诉说,盼望着佳人早日归来,实现旧日爱情的盟誓,能双双化作这连理的海棠,海誓山盟,永不分离。
【赏析】
【作者介绍】 吴文英(约1200~1260),字君特,号梦窗,晚年又号觉翁,四明(今浙江宁波)人。原出翁姓,后出嗣吴氏。与贾似道友善。《宋史》无传。一生未第,游幕终身,于苏、杭、越三地居留最久。并以苏州为中心,北上到过淮安、镇江,苏杭道中又历经吴江垂虹亭、无锡惠山,及茹霅二溪。游踪所至,每有题咏。晚年一度客居越州,先后为浙东安抚使吴潜及嗣荣王赵与芮门下客,后“困踬以死”。有《梦窗词集》一部,存词三百四十余首,分四卷本与一卷本。其词作数量丰沃,风格雅致,多酬答、伤时与忆悼之作,号“词中李商隐”。而后世品评却甚有争论。 清全祖望答万经《宁波府志》杂问,谓吴文英“晚年困踬以死”,殆得其实。享年六十岁左右。黄升《中兴以来绝妙词选》编定于淳祐九年(1249),卷十录吴文英词九首,时吴文英正在越州,年约五十。黄升并引尹焕《梦窗词叙》云:“ 求词于吾宋者,前有清真,后有梦窗。此非焕之言,四海之公言也。”沈义夫《乐府指迷》亦谓“梦窗深得清真之妙”。陈廷焯《白雨斋词话》卷二云:“若梦窗词,合观通篇,固多警策。即分摘数语,每自入妙,何尝不成片段耶?”近代词论家多以姜词清空,吴词密丽,为二家词风特色。况周颐《蕙风词语》卷二又云:“ 近人学梦窗,辄从密处入手。梦窗密处,能令无数丽字,一一生动飞舞,如万花为春;非若琱蹙绣,毫无生气也。”《梦窗词集》有四卷本与一卷本两种。毛氏汲古阁所刻《梦窗甲乙丙丁稿》为四卷本,《疆村丛书》刻明太原张迁璋所藏为一卷本。号“词中李商隐”。在南宋词坛,吴文英属于作品数量较多的词人,存词有三百四十余首,其《梦窗词》在数量上除辛弃疾外无人与之抗衡;就题材而言,这些词大体可以分为三类:酬酢赠答之作,哀时伤世之作,忆旧悼亡之作。
【宋词英译】 WU Wenying – Lyrics to the Melody of a Banquet at the Bright City (Cherry apple trees with intertwining boughs)
Embroidered drapes hang between mandarin duck columns in pairs, Around the dense red blossoms, heavy clouds hang low to Qin trees shelter. Their delicate roots intertwine and their flowers overlap, Envious of their charm are those behind the beautiful screens. In easterlies stems and roots cross as they sleep, Dreaming of becoming hairpins in the shape of a swallow's tail Surrounded by bright candles that a cheery grove illuminate, The widowed moon would feel deserted and shy away.
Overwhelming are myriads of sentiments that shroud one's loneliness, She used to bathe in the Pond of Magnificent Purity with spring water and breezes. She used to braid her hair into connecting buns to two united hearts signify And to express her gratitude towards His Majesty's grace. Who would rather be in her place to utter words of immortal regrets? In darkness within a locked-up hall, insects hum by the dimming lights. Let us bygones recount and disappoint not the fanciful spirit of springtime The glowing blossoms in the morning and the verdant fields at twilight.
双调一百零二字,仄韵格。因程垓词有“那更春好花好酒好人好”句,又名《四代好》。 |